OPTIMISATION OF HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE ENERGY MANAGEMENT USING MACHINE LEARNING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jtse.v10.190Keywords:
Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Modelling, Energy Management, Support Vector MachineAbstract
The focus of the research is on the optimization of the hybrid electric vehicle energy management using machine learning. The objective of this research is to develop the algorithm by using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and to identify the optimal operation mode for SHEV based on the power demand use by using the algorithm. First of all, this research focus on the series hybrid electric vehicle and the vehicle used is an all-terrain vehicle (ATV). Suitable formula will be used to complete the modeling of the vehicle in Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) form and the model constructed by using Matlab Simulink. Then, Support Vector Machine is used to optimize the energy management in the vehicle. The training data from New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycles (WLTC) with 3 classes will put be inside the SVM to undergo training and then the optimal operation modes for each driving cycle will be obtained by using Linear SVM. Then, the obtained results which are the predicted operation mode using the driving cycles and are plotted in the graph. The pattern of the graph is analyzed and then the best predicted operation mode with the highest accuracy among all the driving cycles is chosen. The trained model of the driving cycle with the highest accuracy is used to predict the optimal operation mode for ATV so that to have higher efficiency in energy management by using the Classification Learner inside the Matlab.
References
Lin, X., Bogdan, P., Chang, N., & Pedram, M. (2015, November). Machine Learning-Based Energy Management in a Hybrid Electric Vehicle to Minimize Total Operating Cost. 2015 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD), pp. 627-634. DOI: 10.1109/ICCAD.2015.7372628
Lee, W., Jeoung, H., Park, D., Kim, T., Lee, H., & Kim, N. (2021). A Real-Time Intelligent Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Reinforcement Learning. IEEE Access, 9, 72759-72768.
Liu, C., & Murphey, Y. L. (2019). Optimal power management based on Q-learning and neuro-dynamic programming for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems, 31(6), 1942-1954. DOI: 10.1109/TNNLS.2019.2927531.
Feiyan, Q., & Weimin, L. (2021, April). A Review of Machine Learning on Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. 2021 6th Asia Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering (ACPEE), pp. 315-319. DOI: 10.1109/ACPEE51499.2021.9437082.
Yang, N., Han, L., Xiang, C., Liu, H., & Li, X. (2021). An indirect reinforcement learning based real-time energy management strategy via high-order Markov Chain model for a hybrid electric vehicle. Energy, 236, 121337.
Liu, T., Tan, W., Tang, X., Zhang, J., Xing, Y., & Cao, D. (2021). Driving conditions-driven energy management strategies for hybrid electric vehicles: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 151, 111521.
Ismail, Z., & Asus, Z. (2018). Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle Simulation Model Using Energetic Macroscopic Representation Method. Journal of Transport System Engineering, 5(1).
Cerovsky, Z., & Mindl, P. (2008, June). Hybrid electric cars, Combustion Engine driven cars and their impact on Environment. In 2008 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion, pp. 739-743. DOI: 10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581321
Souza, C. (2010, March). Kernel Functions for Machine Learning Applications. Retrieved May 25, 2022, from http://crsouza.com/2010/03/17/kernel-functions-for-machine-learning-applications
Penina, N., Turygin, Y. V., & Racek, V. (2010, June). Comparative analysis of different types of hybrid electric vehicles. In 13th Mechatronika 2010, pp. 102-104.
Ahmed, A., Yelamali, P., & Udayakumar, R. (2020). Modeling and simulation of hybrid technology in vehicles. Energy Reports, 6, 589-594.
Vacheva, G., & Hinov, N. (2021, March). Modeling and simulation of hybrid electric vehicles. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2333, No. 1, p. 090035).
Lee, H., Kang, C., Park, Y. I., Kim, N., & Cha, S. W. (2020). Online data-driven energy management of a hybrid electric vehicle using model-based Q-learning. IEEE Access, 8, 84444-84454.
Shen, D., Lim, C. C., & Shi, P. (2019, July). Predictive Modeling and Control of Energy Demand for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Systems. In 2019 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC) (pp. 1-6). DOI: 10.1109/ICMLC48188.2019.8949301.
Shi, Q. I. N., Qiu, D., He, L., Wu, B., & Li, Y. (2018). Support vector machine–based driving cycle recognition for dynamic equivalent fuel consumption minimization strategy with hybrid electric vehicle. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 10(11), 1687814018811020.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in Journal of Transpot System Engineering (JTSE) belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions or any other reproductions of similar nature.
Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in the articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the JTSE. Examples of analysis performed within are only examples and they should not be utilized in real-world. Assumptions made within the analysis are not reflective of the position of any JTSE entities.